Uma sikhuluma ngakho sebenzisa i-flash yangaphambili ehlanganiswe esikrinini (“I-selfie flash” evamile esebenzisa ukukhanya kwesikrini) empeleni iyinhlanganisela yezindawo ezimbili: izithombe zakudala ezine-flash eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye namakhamera eselula esimanje athembele ekukhanyeni kwesikrini ukuze akhanyise ubuso. Ukuqonda ukuthi ngayinye isebenza kanjani, ukulinganiselwa kwayo, kanye nendlela yokwandisa amandla ayo kubalulekile ekufinyeleleni izithombe ze-selfie ezikhanyiswe kahle kanye nezithombe ezithathwe ezimweni ezinzima.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokuthile okubonakala kulula njengokuphenduka kwesikrini kube mhlophe futhi kukhulisa ukukhanya uma uthatha isithombe ngekhamera engaphambili, kukhona ubuchwepheshe obuthile kanye nezilungiselelo zekhameraUkuvezwa okuzenzakalelayo, ibhalansi emhlophe, ukuvumelanisa, izindlela ze-flash, ama-diffuser, ngisho nendlela yokuhlanganisa lokho kukhanya kwesikrini neminye imithombo yokukhanya. Sizoyibheka igxathu negxathu, kodwa ngendlela ewusizo nengokoqobo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumthuthukisi we-Android noma ufuna nje ukuthuthukisa izithombe zakho nge-flash eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Iyini i-flash ehlanganisiwe engaphambili esikrinini?
Okubizwa ngokuthi i-screen flash noma i-front flash ngumsebenzi owenza isikrini sefoni ephathekayo sisebenze njenge- umthombo wokukhanya oqondile Uma usebenzisa ikhamera engaphambili, esikhundleni se-flash ye-LED, ifoni ikhulisa ukukhanya kwesikrini kuze kube sezingeni eliphezulu futhi ibonise umbala okhanyayo kakhulu (ngokuvamile omhlophe noma ofudumele) ngesikhathi sokuthwebula.
Lolu hlelo lusebenza ngoba kuma-selfie amaningi umsebenzisi ubamba ifoni. eduze kakhulu nobusoNgakho-ke, leso sibani sangaphambili sikhanya ngokwanele ukukhanyisa ubuso bakho ngaphakathi endlini, ebusuku, noma ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuphansi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zekhamera zasendaweni, izinhlelo zokusebenza zemidiya yezenhlalo, namathuluzi avela eceleni. Lolu hlobo lwe-flash lufakiwe njengejwayelekile., njengoba kuqoqwe ngabakwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinhle kakhulu zekhamera ze-Androidngoba ikhamera engaphambili ivame ukungabi ne-flash ye-LED ezinikele.
Kumsebenzisi, ulwazi lulula: sebenzisa noma vala imodi ye-flash bese uthatha isithombe. Kwamanye amadivayisi aqondiswe ku-selfie, njenge I-OPPO F1 PlusIkhamera engaphambili yayingenye yezikhalazo eziyinhloko; kodwa kumthuthukisi wohlelo lokusebenza, ukusebenzisa lesi sici kuhilela kahle lawula ukuchayeka okuzenzakalelayo (AE), ibhalansi emhlophe ezenzakalelayo (AWB) kanye nesikhathi esiqondile lapho ukukhanya kwesikrini kukhuphuka futhi kwehla, konke kuhambisana nokuthwebula isithombe.
Ukuhamba komsebenzi okulungile kwe-flash esesikrinini (i-Android Camera2)
Uma uhlela uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhamera ku-Android futhi ufuna ukunikeza i-flash ebheke phambili ezinzile nesezingeni eliphezulu esikrininiAkwanele nje ukususa isikrini bese uthwebula izithombe. Izinsika ezimbili ziwukusetshenziswa okufanele kwe- ukulandelana kokuthwebula ngaphambi kokuchayeka okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokuphathwa okunembile kwesikhathi somsebenzi ngamunye.
Ezingeni lomqondo, ukuhamba komsebenzi kungafingqwa ochungechungeni lwezinyathelo ezixhunyiwe eziqinisekisa ukuthi ikhamera ilungisiwe ukuchayeka kanye nebhalansi emhlophe kucatshangelwa ukukhanya okwengeziwe okuhlinzekwa yisikrini ngaphambi kokuthatha isithombe sokugcina.
Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuthwebula isithombe nge-flash yesikrini
Ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle i-flash ebheke phambili ehlanganisiwe ne-Camera2, inqubo evamile ihilela uchungechunge lwemisebenzi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi kanye nekhamera uqobo. Ngayinye inethonya eliqondile ku- ukuhambisana kanye nekhwalithi yesithombe sokugcina.
1. Izilungiselelo ze-interface: imbondela emhlophe kanye nokukhanya okuphezulu
Into yokuqala uhlelo lokusebenza okumele luyenze ukusebenzisa izinguquko ezibonakalayo ezidingekayo ukuze isikrini sibe umthombo wokukhanya ofanayoIsincomo esivame kakhulu, esiye sabonakala sisebenza kahle ekuhlolweni kwelabhorethri, ukumboza isikrini ngesendlalelo sopende omhlophe bese uphakamisa ukukhanya kufike phezulu. Le ndlela isetshenziswa amanye amafoni asebenzisa izithombe zawo, njenge I-Zenfone Liveukuthuthukisa izithombe ozithathayo ezimweni zokukhanya okuphansi.
Empeleni, lokhu kungaxazululwa ngokungeza i- Buka esikrinini esigcwele ngesizinda esimhlophe, ukuphakama okwanele ukuba ngaphezu kwazo zonke izakhi zesixhumi esibonakalayo, kanye nokubonakala kokuqala okusethwe "kungabonakali". Ngesikhathi sokuthwebula, uhlelo lokusebenza lumane lushintshe ukubonakala kwalo kube "kuyabonakala" ukuze lusebenze njenge iphaneli yokukhanya eyenziwe ngokungemthetho phambi komsebenzisi.
Umbala omhlophe qwa (isibonelo #FFFFFFLokhu ngokuvamile kuyindawo yokuqala, kodwa akukho okuvimbela uhlelo lokusebenza ukuthi lukuvumele ukuthi ukhethe amanye amathoni noma izithunzi ukulungisa kangcono ithoni yesikhumba noma ukufeza umphumela wokudala. Into ebalulekile ukuthi lo mbono umboze ngokuphelele indawo ebonakalayo yohlelo lokusebenza ngenkathi ukuthwebula isikrini kusebenza.
2. Khulisa ukukhanya kwesikrini kusuka kuhlelo lokusebenza
Enye ingxenye "ye-flash" ukuletha ukukhanya kufikela phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ku-Android, indlela eqondile yokwenza lokhu iwukushintsha ipharamitha Ukukhanya kwesikrini kusuka efasiteleni lomsebenzi usebenzisa i-WindowManager. Ngokulungisa lesi sici, uhlelo lokusebenza lungaphoqa ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu kuphela ngesikhathi sokuthwebula ngaphandle kokushintsha unomphela ukukhanya kwesistimu yomhlaba wonke.
Ngokusebenzisa imodi ye-flash yesikrini, ungagcina inani lokukhanya kwefasitela langaphambilini, usethe inani eliphakeme elifanele lokukhanyisa, futhi, ngemva kokuthwebula, buyisela inani lokuqalaLe mininingwane ivimbela umsebenzisi ukuthi ashiywe nesikrini esifiphaza amehlo ngemva kokuqeda isithombe futhi igcina ulwazi oluhle lomsebenzisi.
3. Lungiselela imodi yokudalulwa okuzenzakalelayo: CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON_EXTERNAL_FLASH
Uma iphaneli yokukhanya esikrinini isilungile, izilungiselelo zekhamera ziyaqala ukusebenza. Kusukela ku-Android 9 (izinga le-API 28), kukhona imodi I-CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON_EXTERNAL_FLASH, eklanyelwe ukusebenza ngezibani zangaphandle, kodwa okuwusizo kakhulu uma silingisa i-flash yangaphambili esikrinini.
Akuwona wonke amadivayisi asekela le modi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlola ukutholakala kwayo ngokubonisana. Izici zeKhamera#CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_MODESUma inani livela phakathi kwamamodi asekelwayo, uhlelo lokusebenza lungalusebenzisa; ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzodingeka lukhethe olunye uhlelo lwe-AE noma luphathe i-flash yesikrini ngaphandle kosizo olwengeziwe oluvela ku-API.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusetha imodi ye-AE efanele ku- isicelo sokuthwebula esiphindaphindwayo (leyo esetshenziselwa ukubuka kuqala), ngoba uma isetshenziswa kuphela ekuthwebuleni okuhlukanisiwe, isicelo esilandelayo esiphindaphindwayo singase sibhale ngaphezulu ukucushwa ngemodi ezenzakalelayo noma ekhethiwe ngumsebenzisi, okushiya uhlelo lungenaso isikhathi sokwenza izibalo ezithile kuleyo modi ye-flash.
4. Qalisa uhlelo lokuthwebula ngaphambi kokuthatha (ukuthwebula ngaphambi kokuthatha i-AE)
Ukuze ikhamera ikwazi ukulungisa ngokuthembekile ukuvezwa kanye nebhalansi emhlophe esimweni esisha sokukhanya (isikrini sikhanya kakhulu ukuze sisebenze njenge-flash), Isiqalisi sokuthwebula i-AE kusengaphambiliLokhu kwenziwa ngokuthumela Isicelo Sokuthwebula ngensimu ethi CONTROL_AE_PRECAPTURE_TRIGGER ebekwe ku-CONTROL_AE_PRECAPTURE_TRIGGER_START.
Nakuba lesi siqalisi siqaliswa ngesicelo esisodwa, inqubo yokuhlanganisa ukuvezwa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nebhalansi emhlophe ezenzakalelayo akusona leso sikhathiKuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokuthola imiphumela evela ekuthathweni okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokuqapha izimo ze-AE kanye ne-AWB ngokusebenzisa i-callback yokubamba ukuze wazi ukuthi sezihlangene nini nesimo esisha sokukhanyisa.
5. Linda ukuhlangana kwe-AE ne-AWB
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulandelana okusha kwangaphambi kokuthwebula Ngaphambi kokuhlola ukuthi i-AE ne-AWB zihlangene yini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ikhamera ingase ibike "ihlangene" ngokusekelwe esimweni sangaphambilini, esibalwe ngaphambi kokuba ukukhanya kwesikrini kuvulwe ngempela, okuholela ezithombeni noma ezithombeni ezingakhanyisiwe kahle ezinemibala engavamile.
Indlela ewusizo yokusingatha lokhu ukubhalisa ukubizwa kabusha kokubamba okuphindaphindwayo esicelweni sokubuka kuqala, bese ngaphakathi kuso, ubuza ngamapharamitha abuyiselwe kufreyimu ngayinye: izimo ze I-AE ne-AWBKuphela uma kokubili kubonisa ukuthi isilinganiso sivaliwe noma sizinzile, lapho uhlelo lokusebenza luzokwamukela khona ukulungiselelwa bese luqhubekela ekuthathweni kokugcina.
6. Thatha isithombe ngendlela evamile yokusebenza
Uma uhlelo selulungise ukukhanya kanye nebhalansi emhlophe uma kucatshangelwa ukukhanya okuvela esikrinini, ungasebenzisa ukugeleza okufanayo kokuthwebula izithombe njengohlelo lokusebenza ngaphandle kwe-flash yesikriniLokhu kuhlanganisa ukwakha isicelo sokubamba iphuzu, ukulungisa ukugxila, ukuvezwa, kanye neminye imingcele ngokuya ngezidingo zemodi yesithombe (isithombe, okuzenzakalelayo, njll.).
Kuleli qophelo, ukumbozwa okumhlophe kanye nokukhanya okuphezulu kusasebenza, ngakho-ke Ubuso bomsebenzisi bukhanya kahle Ngesikhathi esifanele sokuthwebula. Ikhamera ithola isicelo, icubungule isithombe, bese uhlelo lokusebenza lulalela ukuthwebula okubuyisiwe ukuze lulondoloze noma lubonise isithombe sokugcina.
7. Setha kabusha izilungiselelo ze-AE kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo
Ngemva kokuthola isiqinisekiso sokuthi ukuthunjwa sekucutshunguliwe, sekuyisikhathi sokubuyela ku- isimo esijwayelekile sohlelo lokusebenzaUma i-CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON_EXTERNAL_FLASH isebenze, kufanele ubuyisele imodi ye-AE yangaphambilini (isb., i-CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON noma leyo esetshenziswa yi-interface ejwayelekile yohlelo lokusebenza).
Ngokufanayo, ungqimba olumhlophe olusebenza njenge-flash yesikrini kufanele luphinde lungabonakali, futhi ukukhanya kwefasitela lomsebenzi kufanele kucinywe. buyela enanini layo langaphambiliniNgale ndlela, ukubuka kuqala kubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile futhi umsebenzisi angaqhubeka nokuhlela noma ukuthatha esinye isithombe ngaphandle kokuzizwa edidekile noma ukuthola isikhombimsebenzisi sishintshiwe.
Ukubizwa kabusha kwe-Flash state capture kanye nokuphathwa
I-CaptureCallback iyisiqeshana esikuvumela ukuthi uhlele yonke le nqubo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhamba kokubuka kuqala. Kukulokhu kubuyela emuva lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lungakwazi khona linda ngenkuthalo ukuthi imodi ye-AE ishintshe ngempela emiphumeleni yokuthwebula okuphindaphindiwe ngemva kokusetha i-CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON_EXTERNAL_FLASH.
Uma umphumela wokuthwebula ubonisa ukuthi imodi ye-AE ebuyisiwe ifana nemodi eceliwe, uhlelo lokusebenza luyazi ukuthi ikhamera iyamukele futhi isebenzise ushintsho. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, uhlelo lokusebenza lungaqaliswa ngokuphephile. ukulandelana kwangaphambi kokubamba kanye nokunye ukugeleza, ukugwema imiphumela engaguquki ngenxa yokushintsha kwemodi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukuphinda kusebenze okufanayo kusetshenziswa kabusha ukuqapha izimo ze-AE kanye ne-AWB uma i-pre-capture trigger isiqalile. Ukubuka njalo izimo ezibikwe yikhamera kumphumela ngamunye ophindaphindwayo kuyindlela elula yokuba ne- ikhodi ehlanzekile nephakathi ukwazi ukuthi iphuzu elifanele lokudubula selifinyelelwe nini.
Ukucushwa kwezicelo eziphindaphindwayo zokunika amandla nokukhubaza imodi ye-AE
Empeleni, uhlelo lokusebenza luvame ukudala isicelo sokubuka kuqala esiphindaphindwayo esisodwa uma ikhamera iqala. Kungalesi sicelo ukuthi kunconywa ukusetha i-callback yokubamba ezosetshenziswa kuzo zonke izivivinyo zesimo (i-AE, i-AWB, imodi ye-flash, njll.).
Uma umsebenzisi efuna ukusebenzisa i-flash yangaphambili ehlanganiswe nesikrini, isicelo esiphindaphindwayo siyabuyekezwa ukuze kusethwe i-CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON_EXTERNAL_FLASH (uma idivayisi iyisekela) noma imodi ehlukile ye-AE ekhethiwe. Uma umsebenzisi evala i-flash, isicelo esiphindaphindwayo sisethwa kabusha kwimodi ejwayelekile yokuziveza ngokuzenzakalela.
Le iphethini ye isibuyekezo esinamandla sesicelo esiphindaphindwayo Ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine ikhodi icocekile: ukubuka kuqala kuhlala kusebenza, ukuphinda ushaye ucingo kuhlala kufana, futhi okuwukuphela kwento eshintshayo ukucushwa kwekhamera kuye ngokuthi i-flash yesikrini ivuliwe noma cha.
Amaphutha avamile lapho kusetshenziswa i-screen flash
Uma i-flash yesikrini sangaphambili ingasetshenziswanga kahle, izinkinga ezivame kakhulu yilezi: imiphumela engaguquki kakhulu Phakathi kwezithombe ezahlukene, amadivayisi, kanye nezimo zokukhanya, isithombe esithathwe ngocingo olulodwa singase siphume kahle, kanti kolunye, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, imibala ingase ibonakale ingacacile noma inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isibonelo salokhu kungafani phakathi kwamadivayisi sibonwe lapho... Izithombe eziningana ze-selfie ezithathwe ngekhamera engaphambili ye-HTC 10 ziputshukile.
Esinye isibonakaliso esivamile ukuthi ubuso buba evezwe kakhulu noma enezithunzi ezinzimaNakuba ingemuva libonakala limnyama ngokuphelele, noma ngokuphambene nalokho, ubuso abubonakali kahle futhi indawo ezungezile igcwele umoya. La maphutha abonakala kakhulu ezimweni ezinokukhanya okuphansi ngempela (isibonelo, igumbi elimnyama kakhulu) uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izimo ezinokukhanya okuthambile.
Ezindaweni zelabhorethri, lapho ukukhanya okuzungezile kulawulwa khona (isb., ngemithombo yokukhanya emhlophe efudumele njalo), kulula ukubona ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kabi kukhuthaza kanjani imibala epholile noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezingahambisani nokukhanya kwangempela. Lokhu kwenza kucace ukuthi inkinga isekuphathweni kwe-flash yesikrini hhayi ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo kwendawo.
Imiphumela uma kusetshenziswa ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile
Uma kulandelwa imikhuba emihle echazwe (ukumbozwa okumhlophe, ukukhanya okuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwe-CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON_EXTERNAL_FLASH, ukuthwebula i-AE kusengaphambili nokulinda ukuhlangana kwe-AE ne-AWB), ikhwalithi yesithombe iyabonakala. Kuthuthuka kakhulu. Futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kuba lula kakhulu ukubikezela.
Kumadivayisi afanayo, anesimo esifanayo kanye nezimo zokukhanya okufanayo, izithombe ezinokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile zibonisa ukuvezwa okulinganiselayoIsikhumba esingokwemvelo kakhulu futhi akukho miphumela yombala oqinile. Lokhu kunciphisa inani lezithombe ezihlulekile futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kumamodeli ahlukene efoni.
Kumsebenzisi wokugcina, lokhu kusho ukuthi i-flash yesikrini sabo "iyasebenza nje": bangathatha izithombe zabo zocansi ezimweni ezinzima ngaphandle kokugcina benobuso obumhlophe, isizinda esimnyama esingenangqondo, noma imibala yesikhumba engenangqondo, into eyenzeka Kwenza umehluko ekuboneni ikhwalithi kusuka kuhlelo lokusebenza lwekhamera.
I-flash eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, ama-diffuser, kanye neminye imithombo yokukhanya
Nakuba lapha kugxilwe ku-flash esesikrinini, akunakwenzeka ukukhuluma ngokukhanyisa ngaphandle kokukhuluma nge-classic i-flash yamakhamera eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye namaqhinga athile okuyenza ithambe. Inkinga ngalezi zibani zangaphambili ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuthi zikhiqiza ukukhanya okubukhali kakhulu, okungaphambili, nokungakhanyi kahle.
Indlela elula nengabizi yokuthuthukisa ukuziphatha kwabo ukusebenzisa isabalalisaKunezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ehlukanisa ukukhanya futhi ikwenze kube mnandi, kodwa ngokuncane singenza futhi okwenziwe ekhaya nganoma iyiphi impahla ekhanyayo evumela ukukhanya kudlule: iduku elincane, indwangu yephephaisikhwama noma inkomishi yepulasitiki eboshwe phambi kwe-flash.
Empeleni, umehluko phakathi kwe-diffuser yobungcweti kanye ne-diffuser yasekhaya ebekwe kahle ungaba akubonakali kumangalisa kunalokho okubonakalaZombili ziyakwazi ukwandisa ukukhanya, ukunciphisa ubukhali bezithunzi futhi zigweme ukukhanya ngokweqile esikhumbeni noma emikhiqizweni.
Engeza umthombo wesibili wokukhanya
Enye indlela "yokusiza" i-flash, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yakhelwe ngaphakathi noma ilingiswe esikrinini, iwukuphelelisa lesi sigameko nge omunye umthombo wokukhanya okwenziwaLokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ekuthathweni kwezithombe zomkhiqizo noma ze-macro, lapho izithunzi ezinzima zingonakalisa khona imininingwane.
Singasebenzisa amaphaneli okukhanya e-LED aqhubekayo, isibani sedeski, noma ngisho nokukhanya okuvela esibanini sengalo esiguquguqukayo. Njengoba i-flash yangaphambili ivame ukuvela ohlangothini lwekhamera, kungcono ukubeka umthombo wokukhanya wesibili nge-engeli ehlukile, isibonelo, ukuze ngaphezulu (kusuka phezulu) ukugcwalisa izithunzi nokwenza zibe mnene futhi zijabulise iso.
Isinxephezelo sokuchayeka nge-flash
Kumakhamera ezithombe endabuko, isinxephezelo sokuchayeka nge-flash Kuyisilawuli esizimele kunkinobho yokunciphisa ukuchayeka iyonke. Nakuba lokhu kwamuva kuthinta ukulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo kwendawo yonke, ukuncipha kwe-flash kulawula amandla lapho i-flash izogxuma khona.
Kunconywa kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa lapho into ibonakala igcwele kakhulu noma iqhumile. Ngokunciphisa kancane amandla e-flash, singakufeza lokhu. ukunciphisa ubukhali bezithunzi futhi ugweme ukuchayeka ngokweqile ebusweni noma endaweni eyinhloko oyithandayo, ulinganise kangcono ukukhanya okuzungezile nokukhanya kwe-flash.
Lo msebenzi uwusizo kakhulu uma sisebenzisa i-flash njenge gcwalisa ukukhanya emini egcwelengoba ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise ukuthi ufuna i-flash ifake isandla esingakanani uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhanya kwemvelo, esikhundleni sokuvumela i-flash ibuse ngokuphelele indawo.
Izindlela zokuvumelanisa i-Flash
Ngaphandle kokudubula okuzenzakalelayo okuvamile kwimodi ye-TTL, amakhamera amaningi anikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudubula. izindlela zokuvumelanisa I-flash isiza ukuhlanganisa kangcono into eboniswayo nesizinda, ikakhulukazi ezigcawini zasebusuku noma ekukhanyeni okuphansi.
Imodi ye- ukuvumelanisa okuhamba kancane (OKUSHESHAYO) Ikhanyisa i-flash, ivumela ikhamera ukuthi isebenzise isivinini sokushutha esihamba kancane kunokuvamile, okwenza kube lula ukuveza ingemuva kahle ezimweni ezimnyama, kuyilapho i-flash inakekela ukukhanyisa into ngaphakathi kwebanga eliphumelelayo.
Le ndlela inciphisa isimo esijwayelekile sezithombe zasebusuku lapho into ikhanya kahle kodwa ingemuva elimnyama ngokupheleleIkhamera yandisa ukuvezwa kwayo ukuze iqophe indawo ezungezile, kuyilapho i-flash imisa umlingiswa oyinhloko.
Ikhethini lokuqala nelesibili
Izindlela zokuvumelanisa ku- ikhethini lokuqala noma lesibili Zisekelwe endleleni i-flash ehlobene ngayo nokuhamba kwe-mechanical shutter, equkethe amakhethini amabili. Ekuvumelaniseni okuvamile (ikhethini lokuqala), i-flash iyavutha lapho ikhethini lokuqala livuleka, iqande indawo ekuqaleni kokuvezwa futhi ivumela, uma ijubane le-shutter lihamba kancane, ukuthi kuqoshwe umzila wokunyakaza phambi komuntu ngemva kwalokho.
Ekuvumelaniseni kuya ku- ikhethini lesibili (NGEMVA)Ikhamera iqala ivule ukukhanya kwesikhathi esihleliwe, ithwebule ukunyakaza komuntu ohambayo futhi idale umkhondo, futhi ngaphambi nje kokuba ikhethini lesibili livale lapho i-flash ivutha khona, iqandisa umuntu ohambayo ekugcineni kwaleyo ndlela.
Ngale ndlela siqinisekisa ukuthi imizila yokunyakaza ihlala ikhona ngemuva kwesihlokookunikeza umuzwa wokunyakaza wemvelo kakhulu futhi oguquguqukayo, osetshenziswa kabanzi ekuthwebuleni izithombe zokudala ngezibani ezihambayo, izimoto, amabhayisikili, njll.
Phinda imodi ye-flash
Amanye amakhamera afaka imodi ye- phinda i-flash Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukudalulwa okuningi ngesithombe esisodwa, ngaphandle kwesidingo se-flash yangaphandle yesitudiyo. Kule modi, kulungiselelwe amapharamitha amathathu: amandla e-flash ngayinye (njengengxenye yamandla aphezulu), inani lokuphindaphinda, kanye nemvamisa ku-Hz (inani le-flash elizodubula kangaki ngomzuzwana).
Ngesikhathi sokuchayeka isikhathi eside (imizuzwana emi-2 noma emi-3, ngokuvamile nge-tripod), i-flash Kudubula izikhathi eziningana Ngesikhathi i-shutter ihlala ivuliwe, kudalwa umphumela we-stroboscopic. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukuqopha, isibonelo, imbali, into, noma umuntu osezikhundleni ezahlukene ngaphakathi kohlaka, okunikeza umuzwa wokunyakaza okulandelanayo emangalisa kakhulu.
Ukukhanya: okwemvelo vs okwenziwe kanye nendima ye-flash
Ekugcineni, zonke izithombe zilungile ukubhala ngokukhanyaUkukhanya kwemvelo kuvela ngokuyinhloko elangeni, kodwa futhi kuvela ezimweni ezifana nomlilo, umbani, noma ukukhanya kwezinto eziphilayo kwezinye izinto eziphilayo. Kunezinzuzo ezicacile: kumahhala, kuyatholakala nsuku zonke, futhi kuvame ukujabulisa iso.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhanya kwemvelo kuyashintshashintsha, akubikezeleki, futhi kuvame ukuba nzima ukulawula. Ukuqina kwelanga kanye nokukhanya kwalo lokushisa umbala Zishintsha njalo, amafu angonakalisa noma asindise isibhamu ngemizuzwana, futhi asinazo njalo izinsiza ezanele (ama-diffuser, ama-filter, njll.) zokuzilawula.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhanya okwenziwayo kuhlanganisa noma yimuphi umthombo odalwe abantu: ukukhanya, amabhalbhu, izikrini, amaphaneli e-LEDnjll. Inzuzo enkulu yayo ukuthi singaklama indawo yokukhanyisa esiyifunayo, ngesikhathi esiyifunayo, size siphinde sakhe ilanga elikhanyayo phakathi nobusuku uma sinemishini efanele.
Ububi ukuthi ngokuvamile kuhilela izindleko zomnotho kanye nezinga elithile lobunzima bobuchwephesheKungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa i-flash eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, i-flash yangaphandle, noma isethi yesitudiyo eyinkimbinkimbi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ungalinganisa kanjani ukukhanya, ukuhlanganise nokukhanya okuzungezile, bese ukukusebenzisa ngobuhlakani ukuze ufeze umphumela owufunayo.
Unxantathu oqondile wokuvezwa kanye nokuvezwa
Yonke indawo ikhanyiswa ukukhanya okuwela ezintweni kanye nokukhanya okubonakaliswa yilezo zinto. cabanga emuvaIsilinganiso sokukhanya sangaphakathi sekhamera silinganisa ukukhanya, okungaholela emaphutheni kuye ngombala nokukhanya kwendawo. Ukuze uthole ukufundwa okuthembekile kokukhanya okufinyelele iphuzu elithile (isibonelo, ubuso bemodeli), kungcono ukusebenzisa imitha yokuchayeka ephathwayo lokho kulinganisa ukukhanya kwesigameko.
Elinye ithuluzi elibalulekile lokulawula ukuchayeka yileli i-histogramLeli shadi libonisa indlela izithunzi, amathoni aphakathi, kanye nokugqama okusatshalaliswa ngayo esithombeni. Ukufunda ukuhumusha leli shadi kubalulekile ekugwemeni izithombe ezivezwe ngokweqile noma eziqhumile, futhi kuyasiza kakhulu lapho usebenza nge-flash futhi ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isihloko noma ingemuva akudluli ebangeni.
Ukulawulwa kokukhanya kwezithombe kufezwa ngokusebenzisa i- unxantathu wokuchayekaI-ISO, i-aperture, kanye nesivinini se-shutter. Ukushintsha enye yalezi pharamitha kudinga ukunxephezela enye yalezi ezimbili ukuze kulondolozwe inani elifanayo lokukhanya, okwaziwa ngokuthi umthetho wokubuyisana.
Isibonelo, uma sishintsha kusuka ku-f/16 siye ku-f/4 ukuze sandise ukufiphala kwangemuva, sengeze izitobhi ezine zokukhanya. Uma sesivele sisezingeni eliphansi le-ISO (100 kumakhamera amaningi), okuwukuphela kwendlela yokugcina ukuvezwa okulungile kuzoba nciphisa isivinini se-shutter ngezinyathelo ezine (isibonelo, kusukela ku-1/125s kuya ku-1/2000s). Ukuqonda lobu budlelwano kubalulekile lapho kuhlanganiswa ukukhanya kwemvelo kanye ne-flash, ngoba ushintsho lwesivinini se-shutter luzothinta kakhulu ukukhanya okuzungezile, kuyilapho amandla e-flash elawulwa ngokuzimela.
Ingabe ngidinga i-flash yangaphandle uma senginayo kakade i-flash eyakhelwe ngaphakathi noma i-flash yesikrini?
Ngaphambi kokuphuthuma uyothenga imishini yokukhanyisa, kufanelekile ukuzibuza uzoyisebenzisela iniUma ukugxila kwakho okuyinhloko kuyizindawo, ukuhamba, noma izithombe zemvelo emabangeni amade, i-flash yangaphandle ingase ingabi yinto eza kuqala. Kodwa-ke, uma uzomboza imicimbi, uthatha izithombe zangaphakathi, noma udinga ukusethwa kokukhanya okuhlelwe ngokucophelela, i-flash ephathwayo iwutshalomali olufanele kakhulu.
Amakhamera amaningi asezingeni lokuqala afika ne- i-flash eyakhelwe ngaphakathi Isebenza njengesingeniso ezweni le-flash, kodwa ngokushesha ayisebenzi kahle, ayilawuli, futhi ikhwalithi yokukhanya ayisebenzi kahle. Noma kunjalo, kunconywa kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa kakhulu futhi uzijwayeze ngayo ngaphambi kokudlulela ku-flash yangaphandle ethuthukisiwe, njengoba izokusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono ukuthi ukukhanya kusebenza kanjani.
Izinhlobo ze-flash kanye nokusetshenziswa okuyinhloko
Ezithombeni singahlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana ze-flash ezinezici ezithile kanye nokusetshenziswa, kusukela ku-flash encane eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kuya ku-flash enamandla yesitudiyo, okuhlanganisa i-ring flash kanye ne-speedlite yakudala.
I-flash eyakhelwe ngaphakathi noma ikhamera
Yi-flash encane evelela njenge-"tab" kuma-DSLR amaningi namakhamera asezingeni lokuqala. Ububanzi bayo obusebenzayo buvame ukuba phakathi 2 namamitha ayi-5Futhi ngenxa yokuthi inamathele ngaphezu kwekhamera, ukukhanya kuhlala kuvela ku-axis yelensi, okubangela izithunzi eziyisicaba nezingathandeki.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile inikwa amandla yibhethri lekhamera uqobo, ngakho-ke kusheshisa ukusetshenziswaNgenxa yale mikhawulo, abakhiqizi abaningi bayayishiya i-flash eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuze basebenzise ukusebenza okungcono kuma-ISO aphezulu, okuvumela ukuthwebula izithombe ezimweni zokukhanya okuphansi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusebenzisa i-flash.
I-Ring flash noma i-macro
I-ring flash ifakwa eduze kwelensi futhi ihloselwe kakhulu izithombe ezinkuluIkhanyisa izinto eziseduze kakhulu ngokukhanya okufanayo futhi ngaphandle kwezithunzi ezinzima. Ilungele izimbali, izinambuzane, noma izinto ezincane, futhi ingasetshenziswa nasezithombeni ukuze kufezwe ukukhanya okulinganayo kanye nokubonakaliswa okuyindilinga okuphawulekayo emehlweni.
Ingozi ekudwebeni kwezithombe ukuthi isithombe singase sibonakale siyisicaba kakhulu uma singahlanganiswa neminye imithombo yokukhanya noma ukuqhathanisa, njengoba okunye komodeli wevolumu okhiqizwa yizithunzi ezithambile kuyalahleka.
I-flash noma i-speedlite ephathwa ngesandla
I-flash ephathwa ngesandla, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-speedliteUkukhanya kwangaphandle cishe kuyindlela eguquguqukayo kakhulu yokwenza ushintsho ekukhanyeni kwangaphandle kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Zinamandla kakhulu kunezibani ezihlanganisiwe, futhi amandla azo achazwa yi... inombolo yomhlahlandlela (NG)Uma inkulu, ububanzi bayo kanye namandla okukhanyisa kuyanda.
Kungcono ukukhetha eyodwa ene-GN efanelekile (kunconywa okungenani ama-30) futhi, uma kungenzeka, evela kumkhiqizo ofanayo nekhamera yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana okuphezulu nezindlela ezizenzakalelayo neze-TTL. Lezi zibani zikuvumela ukuthi usebenze kuzo zombili Imodi ye-TTL (i-flash ibala amandla afanele ngokusekelwe ekulinganisweni kwayo "ngelensi") njengaku- Imodi yezandlalapho silungisa khona amandla ngokwethu ngokwesimo.
Ifakwe esicathulweni esishisayo sekhamera, i-speedlite ilungele imicimbi noma izimo lapho kungekho isikhathi sokusetha ukusethwa kokukhanya okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenxa yekhanda layo eligobile, ungaphonsa ukukhanya ophahleni noma odongeni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kufinyelela umuntu ngendlela ekhanyayo nelinganiselayo. ithambile futhi imboze kakhulu kumuntu okhulumayo, okudala indawo emnandi kakhulu kune-flash eqondile yangaphambili.
Umlingo wangempela uyenzeka uma siwukhipha ekhamera bese siwusebenzisa njenge i-remote flash (strobist)Ngesiqalisi esingenantambo esicathulweni esishisayo kanye nesamukeli esiku-flash, siyibeka esitendini sokukhanya esinekhanda layo eliyibhola kanye ne-light modifier (isambulela, i-softbox, njll.) futhi sine-studio encane ephathekayo esingayandisa ngokwengeza amayunithi ahambisanayo.
I-studio flash
Ama-flash e-studio aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngaphakathi futhi anikezwa amandla amaningi kakhulu kunezibani eziphathwa ngesandla, ngaphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo zezesekeli zokubumba ukukhanya (amabhokisi amakhulu athambile, izitsha zobuhle, ama-snoots, njll.). Ngokuvamile zixhunywe kugridi kagesi ngamajeneretha, okunciphisa ukuhamba kodwa okuvumela izikhathi ezinde ezinezikhathi zokuvuselela ezimfushane kakhulu.
Kumuntu osanda kuqala noma ofuna nje ukwengeza i-flash eyakhelwe ngaphakathi noma i-flash ebheke phambili esikrinini sefoni yakhe ephathekayo, isethi ephelele yesitudiyo ivame ukuba khona ngobukhulu obukhulu kanye nezindlekoKodwa-ke, ukuqonda ukuthi zisebenza kanjani kusiza ukusebenzisa izimiso ezifanayo zokuqondisa kanye nekhwalithi yokukhanya ekusethweni okunesizotha.
Izinhlelo eziyisisekelo zokukhanyisa nge-flash
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhanya kuvela ku-flash yesitudiyo, i-speedlite engekho kwikhamera, noma ngisho ne- isikrini sefoni ephathekayo siphenduke i-flash yangaphambiliIzinhlelo zokukhanyisa zakudala zihlala zifana futhi zithinta ivolumu, ukuthungwa, kanye nesimo sesithombe.
Ukukhanya kwangaphambili, isibonelo, uma umthombo ubekwe ngqo phambi kwekhamera, kuveza izithunzi ezimbalwa, kunciphisa ukuthungwa, futhi kungabangela isithombe esiyisicaba. Lokhu kuyindlela evamile yokusetha i-flash eyakhelwe ngaphakathi noma i-screen flash ku-selfie.
Ukukhanya okuseceleni, okubekwe cishe kuma-degrees angu-90 kuya kumuntu okukhulunywa ngaye, kugqamisa amavolumu futhi kudala umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokukhanya nesithunzi. Lolu hlobo lokukhanya RembrandtNjengoba umthombo wokukhanya ungama-degrees angaba ngu-45, udala unxantathu wokukhanya esihlathini esinomthunzi futhi wengeza ukujula kanye nobuntu esithombeni.
Kukhona futhi izinhlelo ezifana ne- ukukhanya okuphezulu (kusuka phezulu), okudala izithunzi eziqondile ezimakiwe; ukukhanya kwe-nadir (kusukela ngezansi), okungeyona eyemvelo futhi okuvame kakhulu imiphumela ekhethekile noma ukwesaba; noma ukukhanyisalapho umthombo wokukhanya ubekwe ngemuva kwento ukuze ihlukaniswe ngemuva. Kulesi simo sokugcina, kudingeka esinye isibani sangaphambili (kungaba yi-flash, isikrini, noma i-reflector) ukuze kugcwaliswe ubuso.
Uma ucabanga ngakho konke okungenhla, ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo i-flash ebheke phambili eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kusho ukuyiphatha njengomunye umthombo wokukhanya okwenziwe, ngezinzuzo zayo (ehlala itholakala, iseduze kakhulu nobuso, ilawulwa yisoftware) kanye nemikhawulo (cishe njalo ingaphambili, amandla anqunyelwe ukukhanya okuphezulu, ukuthembela ekusetshenzisweni okufanele kwe-AE ne-AWB). Ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi ngokugcwele kudinga ukuqonda ukuthi ungahlanganisa kanjani isikhombimsebenzisi (ibhalansi emhlophe, ukukhanya okuphezulu), i-logic yekhamera (izindlela ze-AE, ukubamba kusengaphambili, ukubiza emuva), kanye nezimiso eziyisisekelo zokukhanyisa nokuvezwa ezisebenza naku-flash eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nokukhanya kwangaphandle okuthuthukile. Yabelana ngolwazi futhi usize abanye bafunde ngalesi sihloko.
